Hydrogen bomb test "Romeo," March 26, 1954

(SOURCE: Los Alamos National Laboratory)

Resources for the history of nuclear science and nuclear weaponry include:

1. The Internet and the Bomb and Todd's Atomic Home Page (with, for instance, Documentation and Diagrams of the Atomic Bomb) are two extraordinary resources for study in this topic.

2. Nuclearfiles.org: A Project of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

3. The Bomb Project

4. Here is bibliography about atomic weaponry and related issues (from T. M. Sanders, University of Michigan)

5. Nevada Test Site Historical Foundation and Atomic Testing Museum

6. an animation demonstrating nuclear fission

7. See also Yahoo's atomic bomb site and Yahoo's somewhat more specific Manhattan Project and Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing sites

8. The Life and Times of the Manhattan Project

9. Fifty Years from Trinity (from The Seattle Times)

10. Swords and Ploughshares (articles about the Hiroshima bombing and its effects)

11. The Center for History of Physics is an organ of the American Institute of Physics AIP Home Page).
    1. See "Controversy Over Smithsonian Exhibit on American Science and Atomic Bombs", an essay that originally appeared in the American Institute of Physics Center for History of Physics Newsletter.
    2. See the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives, a photographic site maintained by the AIP (the link takes you to "The Human Face of Science"; look to your right).
    3. See, too, AIP's A. Einstein: Image and Impact exhibition site (see also Steven Morgan Friedman's Albert Einstein Online site; at the turn of 1999/2000, TIME named Einstein its man of the century -- see also related links at this site; that such discussion remains controversial is indicated by Slate's disenchanted response to the TIME piece)
    4. AIP's Discovery of the Electron exhibition site
    5. Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity
    6. AIP's Resources of the Niels Bohr Library (see, relatedly, the Danish site, Niels Bohr Archive)

12. See also the American Physical Society website.

13. The Atomic Archive
    
    1. Enrico Fermi

14. The Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues (Washington and Lee University)

15. The Atomic Age at 50 (articles from MIT's Tech Review)

16. The Hiroshima Project

17. Trinity Atomic Web Site
    • See also Hiroshima and Nagasaki
    • Trinity Atomic Test Site
    • The High Energy Weapons Archive

18. Atomic Veterans History Project (affiliated with the National Association of Atomic Veterans)

19. Atomic Bomb and Nuclear War, a section of the much larger and more broadly focused
    
    • Japan Focus.
      
    • Of particular interest may be the Nuclear Education Project section of the site, which includes information about various
      
    • syllabi for courses on this topic.

20. a mini-biography of Marie Curie

21. a brief Pauli biography; see also the Pauli Archive maintained by CERN -- the CERN Archives generally will also be helpful

22. J. Robert Oppenheimer (A Science Odyssey -- PBS) and United States Atomic Energy Commission. In The Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer (Yale University Law School)

23. Leo Szilard Home Page

24. Richard Feynman Online; and some Feynman photographs (from the AIP)

    Hiroshima & Nagasaki (an Ohio University site)

25. Voice[s] of Hibakusha [from Hiroshima Witness]; here is the TIME-LIFE Hiroshima: A Look Back site

26. Documents Relating to American Foreign Policy: Hiroshima; and Atomic Bomb: Decision. Documents on the Decision to Use Atomic Bombs on the Cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

27. Nagasaki Journey, a site representing an exhibition of the photographs Yosuke Yamahata took in Nagasaki on August 10th, 1945 (these are also available in a book, Nagasaki Journey [San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks, 1995--the book cost at publication $22.50;its ISBN is 0876543603)

28. Another site, now unfortunately dismantled in most essential ways, nonetheless still provides photographs from both Hiroshima and Nagasaki (but they are basically captionless and you need to look at each one by one)

29. A-Bomb WWW Museum

30. The Smithsonian Institution has mounted an Enola Gay website; but see also
    1. The Enola Gay Controversy Chronology: How do we remember a war that we won? (Edward J. Gallagher, Lehigh University)
    2. General Paul W. Tibbets's "official" web site
    3. the Enola Gay Debate and the Enola Gay Chronology (both from The Air Force Association)
    4. the Histiorians' Letter to the Smithsonian (from Doug Long's Hiroshima: Was It Necessary?)

31. The Rosenbergs Reconsidered: The Death Penalty in the Cold War Era (The New-York Historical Society)

32. The Atomkeller-Museum at Haigerloch

33. Infinity City ("a collaborative exhibition by artists Ann T. Rosenthal and Stephen Moore that explores life in the atomic age")

34. Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 1999-1901

35. Norman 'Solomon, Killing our own: the disaster of America's experience with atomic radiation (1982) -- a very long text, and (as of 24 February 2000) a dead link . . . ?

36. Gregory Corso, BOMB

37. Edward Teller, "Science and Morality" (from Science, 280:5367 [22 May 1998], 1200-1201)

38. Laura Katzman, "Art in the Atomic Age: Ben Shahn's Stop H-Bomb Tests," The Yale Journal of Criticism, 11:1 (1998), 139-158 (you must be a subscriber to Johns Hopkins University Press Project Muse to access this site)

39. Three articles from one periodical:
    • Karl T. Compton, ""If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used," The Atlantic Monthly (December 1946)
    • Robert Guillain, "'I Thought My Last Hour Had Come . . . ,'" The Atlantic Monthly (August 1980)
    • Thomas Powers, "Was It Right?" The Atlantic Monthly (July 1995)

40. The basic bibliographical guide to nuclear holocaust literature is Paul Brians, Nuclear Holocausts: Atomic War in Fiction, 1895-1984 (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1986). If this is a cheerless page, that is a cheerless book; but it is also an unbelievably useful one. Professor Brians's supplement is available athttp://www.wsu.edu:8080/~brians/nuclear/nh-supplement.html.
    1. See also Mike Broderick's Post-Modem for a guide to "nuclear movies" (the entire site is relevant)
    2. and see also CONELRAD 100: Atomic Film

41. The Bureau of Atomic Tourism

42. The National Atomic Museum, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM; the Museum also has an alternative site, and it has a store

43. See also the varied media available from Otowi Station

44. Generally, see the Penn Library links to national laboratories; see also (e.g.)
    1. Argonne National Laboratory
    2. Ernest O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    4. Hanford
    5. Los Alamos National Laboratory
    6. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    7. Fermilab
    8. See also the Nevada Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site site ("site" and "Site" are not synonyms here!)
    9. the United States Department of Energy's Office of Defense Programs
    10. Naval Air Warfare Weapons Division and its subsite, China Lake History, Projects, Information

45. The Russian Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" is a Russian analogue to some of the American laboratories above.

46. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

47. Chuck Hansen's The Swords of Armageddon

48. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (University of St. Andrews, Scotland)

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49. Other courses such as Traister's on the Manhattan Project abound. As he finds them, Traister will add syllabi of related courses.

    1. T. M. Sanders's syllabus for his course, The Physicists and the Bomb (University of Michigan)